苗木生產過程中觀花觀果類樹木多年生長在同一地點，每年萌芽、發枝展葉、開花、結實都需要從土壤中吸收并消耗大量的營養物質，但如今全國各地市政綠化、公園綠化、廠區綠化施工倉促，立地土質瘠薄和移栽條件不合適等問題突出。為了中國農林網滿足這類樹木的健壯、美觀、長壽的需要，就必須根據樹木的生理習性、需肥特點、養護目標及土壤狀況進行科學合理的上下內外調整，在苗圃內培育健壯植株，這里重點分享這類樹木的用肥經驗。 　　一、多年生觀花觀果類綠化樹木營養的年周期分配規律 　　花果類樹木的營養狀況年周期不盡相同，春季養分從多到少，夏季處于低養分時期，秋季養分開始積累，到冬季養分又處于相對較高期。掌握營養物質的合成運轉和分配規律，有利于克服園林樹木管理中的片面性，從而達到健壯、美觀、長壽之目的。 　　春季是利用貯藏營養的器官建造期。這一時期包括萌芽、展葉、開花到新梢迅速生長前。此期花果類樹木的一切生命活動的能源和新生器官的建造，主要依靠上年貯藏營養?？梢娰A藏養分的多少，不但關系到早春萌芽、展葉、開花、坐果和新梢生長，柳杉種植和管理技術而且影響后期樹木生長發育和同化產物的合成積累。如果開花過多，新梢和根系生長就會受到抑制，當年果實大小和花芽形成等也無法得到保證，第二年的開花量也容易減少，影響到次年的花量。貯藏營養水平高的樹木葉片大而厚，顏色鮮艷，開花早而整齊，而且對外界不良環境有較強的抵抗能力，表現葉大、枝壯、坐果率高、生長迅速等。 　　夏季是利用當年同化營養期。這一時期從6月落果期到果實成熟采收前。此期葉片已經形成，部分中短樹枝封頂，進入花芽分化，果實也開始迅速膨大；營養器官同化功能最強，光合產物上下輸導，合成和貯藏同時發生，樹體消耗以利用當年有機營養為主。所以，此期管理水平直接影響當年果質優劣、產量高低和成花數量與質量。 　　秋季是有機營養貯藏期。這一時期大體從果實采收到落葉。此時花果類樹木已完成周期生長，所有器官體積上不再增大，只有根系還有一次生長高峰，但吸收的養分大于營養消耗。葉片中的同化產物除少部分供果實外，絕大部分從落葉前1~1.5個月內開始陸續向枝干的韌皮部、髓部和根部回流貯藏，直到落葉后結束。生長期結果過多或病蟲害造成早期落葉等都會造成營養消耗多，積累少，樹體貯藏養分不足，而此期貯藏營養對樹木越冬及下年春季的萌芽、開花、展葉、抽梢和坐果等過程的順利完成有顯著影響，可見充分提高樹體貯藏營養是花果類樹木健康生長發育的重要保證。 　 Flowers nursery stock production process of fruit trees grow in the same place for many years, the annual germination, send a exhibition leaf, flower, strong need to absorb and consume large amounts of nutrients from the soil, but now all over the country municipal virescence, park greening, campus greening construction, site soil barren and transplanting condition problem such as inappropriate. In China's agriculture, forestry and robust network meet this kind of trees, beautiful, long life, must be based on the physiological behavior of the trees, fertilizer characteristics, curing goal and soil conditions for scientific and reasonable adjusted upward, downward, inward, outward, foster healthy plant at the nursery, highlighted here to share this kind of trees with fat experience. A, perennial flowers fruit nutrition class greening trees in cycle distribution rule Flowers and trees in the nutritional status of different cycle, spring nutrient from more to less, summer in low nutrient period, autumn began to accumulate, nutrient to the winter nutrient and is relatively high. Grasp the synthetic operation and distribution regularity of nutrient, is beneficial to overcome the botanical garden trees management of one-sided sex, so as to achieve healthy, beautiful, the purpose of longevity. Spring is the use of storage organ building period of nutrition. During this period, including, flowering to the rapidly growing of new tips. This period of flowers and trees all life activities of the energy and the construction of a new organ, storage nutrition rely mainly on the previous year. How much visible storage of nutrients, not only related to early spring bud, leaf, flower, fruit growth, and new tip cryptomeria late planting and management techniques and effects of trees growth and the synthesis of assimilation product accumulation. If there is excessive flowering, shoot and root growth would be suppressed, the fruit size and flower bud formation cannot be guaranteed, it is easy to reduce the amount of bloom in the second year, affect the amount of spent the next year. Storage nutrition tall trees leaves large, thick, bright color, earlier flowering and neatly, and to the outside world have a stronger ability to resist bad environment, it has large leaves, branches high zhuang, fruit rate, rapid growth, etc. Summer is the use of assimilation vegetative phase. During the period from June before the fruit to harvest fruit mature. This phase of the blade has been formed, some short branches caps, into the flower bud differentiation, fruit also began to rapidly expands; Vegetative organs of assimilation, the strongest photosynthetic product and conducting, synthesis and storage occurred at the same time, the tree body consumption is given priority to with use of the organic nutrition. So, this period management level directly affects the slightly acidic quality, yield high and low and in quantity and quality. Autumn is organic nutrient storage period. In this period from fruit harvest to the leaves. The flowers and trees growth cycle has been completed and all organs volume increases no longer, only and another one in the root system growth peak, but to absorb more nutrients than nutrition. Assimilation product of leaves except for a small number of fruit, 1-1.5 months before most of the leaves from begin to the branches in phloem and pith and the roots of reflow storage, until the end of the deciduous after. Growing as a result, early deciduous, etc can cause excessive or pest nutrient consumption, less accumulation, tree storage nutrient deficiency, and this period storage nutrition for winter and next spring budding, flowering trees, lamina, smoke tip and fructifications has remarkable effect on successful completion of the process of tree can fully enhance the storage nutrition is an important guarantee of flowers and trees healthy growth and development. 返首頁：www.sorensendy.com