以最少的成本獲得最大的收益是每個苗圃人的目標，苗木質量好壞會直接影響到苗木人的經濟效益。落葉大苗的成功培育標準為：高大通直的干，干高達到2米至3。5米，胸徑必須得達到5厘米以上，具有完整緊湊、勻稱的樹冠，須根發達。培育大苗一般采取的方法有兩種，分別為留床養護和移苗養護。 With minimal cost to obtain the biggest benefit is the goal of everyone in the nursery, seedling quality stand or fall will directly affect the seedling of economic benefits. Leaves went to the success of the cultivation standard is: tall straight dry, dry to 2 meters high to 3. 5 meters, diameter at breast height must reach more than 5 cm, complete with compact, symmetrical canopy, fibrous root developed. Foster went to generally take there are two ways of, respectively, leave the bed and bed out maintenance. 留床養護就是把生根的扦插苗或播種苗密植，株行距約為25厘米，充足的肥水管理，第一年就可長到1。5米，因為密植，樹干是直的，第二年加強肥水管理，大約長到2。5米，第三年以120厘米×60厘米行株距移植，并定干2。5米，第四年不動，第五年隔一行移出一株，行距不變。株行距為120厘米×120厘米，加強肥水管理，第六年或第七年即可長成大苗。出圃留床養護適合干性比較強，不容易彎曲，生長速度慢的樹種，如銀杏、柿樹、水杉、楊柳、白蠟、青銅等。留床養護必須保留樹木的頂端優勢，必要時采用修剪的方法控制側稍生長。我們在春季氣溫達到零攝氏度以上時（約3月上中旬）條播的白蠟種子，經過移栽，稀植3年就可出圃，6年至7年可培育成大苗。 Leave bed maintenance is rooting cuttings seedling planting seeds or seedlings, plant spacing is about 25 cm, plenty of water management, the first year can grow to 1. 5 meters, because of the dense planting, the trunk is straight, strengthening the water management of the second year, grow to about 2. 5 meters, the third year in a 120 cm * 60 cm row planting distance transplantation, and dry. 2. 5 meters, in the fourth year, in the fifth year removed from a plant, one line spacing is constant. Plant spacing is 120 cm * 120 cm, strengthen water management, sixth or seventh years can grow up went. Sizes of staying bed maintenance and is suitable for drying is strong, not easy to bend, slow growth of tree species, such as ginkgo, Japanese persimmon, metasequoia, willow, pewter, bronze, etc. Leave bed maintenance must keep advantage at the top of the trees, necessary to adopt the method of cutting the control side slightly. We in the spring when the temperature above zero degrees Celsius (about 3 month occurrence peak) drilling ash seeds, after transplanting, rare plant can sizes of 3 years, 6 to 7 years can be coaxed into went to. 移苗養護同樣是播種苗或扦插苗第一年密植，長到1。5米高，第二年移植，按60厘米×60厘米的株行距種植，加強肥水管理，地上部分不修剪，促其根部生長，達到養根的目的。第三年平茬剪去地上部，只留一壯芽，當年可長到2。5米，第四年不動，第五年隔行去行，隔株去株，達到120厘米×120厘米，第六年速長一年，第七年或第八年長成大苗出圃。移苗養護適用于干性生長不強，樹干容易彎曲，苗木質量差的苗木，如國槐、欒樹、合歡、元寶楓、榆樹等。我們當年播種國槐種子，第二年移栽后加強肥水管理，第三年我們試驗了一半剪去上半部分，留有50厘米左右，另一半從地面留一壯芽平茬，第四年在50厘米處長出的樹干在剪口處彎曲，影響樹木的美觀。雖然長成大樹后，彎度不太明顯，但也能看到樹身的彎度，造成其出圃時間延長。在地面平茬的樹干筆直，有了這次經驗，我們改變了在中部短截培養國槐的方法，同樣7年左右培育成大樹。 Bed out maintenance is also a seeding seedlings or cutting seedling planting the first year, grow up to 1. 5 meters high, in the second year of transplantation, and according to 60 cm * 60 cm plant row spacing cultivation, strengthen the water management, the part don't clip, promote root growth, achieve the goal of a root. Faults in the third year of flat cut off the ground, only a strong bud, that can grow up to 2. 5 meters, in the fourth year, in the fifth year of interlaced; and every other plant strains, up to 120 cm * 120 cm, in the sixth year long speed for a year, the seventh or eighth years grow went to sizes. Bed out maintenance is suitable for drying the growth is not strong, easily bend trunk, poor quality of the seedling nursery stock, such as scholar, goldenrain tree, meadow, acer truncatum, elm, etc. We sowed the pagoda tree seed, the second year after transplanting to strengthen water management, the third year we test cut in half to the upper part, with 50 centimeters or so, the other half from the ground to keep a strong bud stubble, the trunk of commissioner in the fourth year in 50 cm in shear bend at the mouth, affect beautiful. Although after the big trees, camber is not obvious, but also can see its trunk camber, cause its extended their sizes. Flat on the ground of crop trunk straight, with this experience, we changed in the short section of central culture of pagoda tree method, the same seven years to develop into the tree. 　　落葉喬木的大苗培育株行距是眾多樹種常用平均值，具體哪個樹種采用多少的株行距最合適要根據樹干的干性強弱，分枝情況、生長速度快慢、修剪方法等的不同而定。 Deciduous trees went to foster plant spacing is a commonly used average of many tree species, which tree species by how much of plant space the most appropriate according to the dry strength of the trunk, branches, growth speed, the different of the pruning methods. 培育大苗期間，2米以下的萌芽全部抹除，注意加強肥水管理和病蟲害防治，修剪時要以主干為中心，競爭枝粗度超過主干一半時就要進行控制。 During cultivating went, 2 meters shoots all erased, pay attention to strengthen the water management and the prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests, centered on the trunk, while pruning competition branch roughness is more than the trunk through the control. 返首頁：www.sorensendy.com